Abantu benshi bakunze kumva mu gihe cy’amakimbirane hagati y’ibihugu, hakunze kubaho kwitabazwa Umuryango w’Abibumbye (United Nations) abenshi bita LONI, ngo igire icyo ikora nk’umuryango mpuzamahanga. Ni kenshi iyo nyito ya kabiri ikoreshwa nk’irindi zina rya LONI ku buryo byoroshye kumva ko ari umuryango ubarizwamo ibihugu byose by’Isi nyamara si ko biri.
Ubusanzwe kugeza ubu ku Isi hari ibihugu 198 byujuje ingingo enye zishingirwaho ngo igihugu cyemerwe zirimo kuba gifite abaturage, imipaka izwi, kuba gifite inzego z’ubuyobozi zikora no kuba gishobora kugira imibanire n’ibindi bihugu; aho muri ibyo bihugu, 193 muri byo ni abanyamuryango ba LONI.
Mu 1945 ni bwo ibihugu twakwita abanyamuryango b’ibanze ba LONI byateraniye i San Francisco muri Leta ya California muri Amerika bishyira umukono ku itegeko rishyiraho LONI ku ntego nyamukuru eshatu zirimo kwimakaza amahoro ku rwego mpuzamahanga, umutekano n’uburenganzira bwa muntu.
Ibindi bihugu byagiye byiyongeramo nyuma by’umwihariko mu myaka ya za 1950 ubwo ibihugu byinshi bya Afurika byabonaga ubwigenge kugeza mu 2011 ubwo hashingwaga Sudani y’Epfo yiyomoye kuri Sudani.
N’ubwo bimeze bityo ariko buri gihugu muri LONI kiba gifite ubusugire bungana n’ubw’ikindi icyakoze haba ubwamwihariko ku bihugu bitanu bigize Akanama ka LONI gashinzwe Umutekano byahawe uburenganzira ntayegayezwa (droits de veto) bigomba kuba byemeranya ku myanzuro ifatwa.
Urubuga World Population Review rwibanda ku isesengura n’ubushakashatsi bw’amakuru areba ibihugu rugaragaza ko hari ibihugu bitanu bitari muri Loni aribyo: Palestine, Vatican, Kosovo, Taiwan na Sahrawi cyangwa Sahara y’Iburengerazuba.
Ibyo bihugu bifite ibindi bihugu biri muri LONI bibifata nk’ibihugu byigenga ndetse bigenda byiyongera, n’ubwo kuri Vatican ho hariho umwihariko, ariko ibyo ntibikuraho ko LONI ari yo iba ifite ijambo rya nyuma mu kwemeza ubunyamuryango nyuma yo kuba hanatewe intambwe yo kubisaba.
Bine muri ibyo bihugu bitanu impamvu bitabarizwa muri LONI zishingiye ku bibazo by’aho biherereye n’ubwo byagerageje gutanga ubusabe ariko nka Vatican yo ntiyigeze ibisaba.
- Vatican
Iki gihugu benshi banita ubutaka butagatifu kiri mu Butaliyani by’umwihariko mu Mujyi wa Roma ari na wo murwa mukuru.
Ni icyicaro gikuru cya Kiliziya Gatolika ku Isi ariko kandi ni Leta yigenga iyoborwa na Papa akabibangikanya no kuba umuyobozi wa Kiliziya.
Ni cyo gihugu cyigenga gito ku Isi ndetse kigira imiyoborere ibiri; harimo ishingiye kuri Kiliziya n’urundi rwego rukora mu buryo guverinoma z’ibindi bihugu zikora.
Izo nzego zombi zifasha guhuza ubuyobozi bw’imyemerere n’indi miyoborere isanzwe ya politiki, kuko nk’urugero abayihagarariye mu mahanga baba ari intumwa za Papa ariko banakora nka ba Ambasaderi.
World Population Review yerekana ko impamvu Vatican itari muri Loni ari ubushake bwayo kuko imikorere ya LONI n’imiterere ya Vatican harimo ingingo zari zavuguruzanya.
Iti “Papa ntiyashatse guhita yinjira mu miyoborere mpuzamahanga kuko Vatican iri muri Loni yaba igomba kuba nk’ibindi bihugu byose by’umwihariko ku gutanga umusanzu ku mutekano mpuzamahanga. Ikibazo aho cyavuka ni uko ari umuryango ushingiye ku myemerere kurusha kuvuga ko ari igihugu.”
- Palestine
Iki gihugu gituranye na Israel ndetse kimaze imyaka myinshi mu makimbirane, cyasabye kenshi kuba umunyamuryango wa LONI ariko biba iby’ubusa n’ubwo hari ibihugu birenga 130 bicyemera nk’igihugu.
U Bufaransa, u Bwongereza na Amerika biri muri bya bihugu bitanu bifite uburenganzira ntayegayezwa muri LONI byanze ko Palestine yemezwa nk’umunyamuryango wa LONI amakimbirane yayo na Israel atarakemuka.
Ni amakimbirane ashingiye ku kuba Palestine igaragaza ko Israel yashinzwe mu butaka bwayo, bityo ikagaragaza ko hakwiye kubaho kugabana ubutaka Israel igasubirana imipaka yahoranye mu 1993 itarongeraho ibindi bice; gusa hari n’abandi Banye-Palestine nk’umutwe wa Hamas batemera Israel nk’igihugu; ni mu gihe Israel nayo itemera Palestine nk’igihugu ndetse ikavuga ko kitazigera kinabaho.
- Kosovo
Iki ni igihugu giherereye mu Burayi cyatangaje ubwigenge bwacyo mu 2008 cyiyomoye kuri Serbia, ndetse cyemerwa n’ibihugu birenga 100 mu bigize LONI, ariko ubusabe bwacyo bwo kwemererwa muri uwo muryango bwatambamiwe n’u Burusiya n’u Bushinwa hagendewe kuri bwa burenganzira ntayegayezwa.
U Burusiya bwanze ko Kosovo iba igihugu bitewe n’uko Serbia ari kimwe mu bihugu by’inshuti zikomeye z’u Burusiya ku buryo yabonaga kubishyigikira byagaragara nabi.
Ikindi ni uko Burusiya n’u Bushinwa byirindaga ko iyo Kosovo iba igihugu yari gukorana bya hafi n’u Burayi na Amerika bakaba bashyiraho ibirindiro bya gisirikare cyangwa ikinjira mu muryango w’ubwirinzi no gutabara wa NATO bikabangamira cyane u Burusiya n’u Bushinwa nk’ibihugu by’inshuti.
- Taiwan
Iki ni ikirwa kiri mu mazi magari y’Inyanja ya Pacifique mu Burasirazuba bw’u Bushinwa, kikaba igihugu kiri no mu banyamuryango 51 batangiranye na LONI cyitwa Repubulika y’u Bushinwa; aho cyari kigizwe n’icyo kirwa ndetse n’u Bushinwa bw’uyu munsi.
Nyuma haje kubaho intambara ya gisivili maze mu 1949 Ishyaka ry’Aba-Communistes ritsindira ubutegetsi bituma abari abayobozi b’Igihugu bahungira kuri cya kirwa cya Taiwan, bagezeyo bigarurira abaturage baho bavuga ko bashinze ikindi gihugu.
Aba-Communistes bari bamaze gutsinda bahise bajya ku butegetsi ndetse igihugu bagihindurira izina kiba Repubulika ya Rubanda y’u Bushinwa.
Taiwan kuri ubu yemerwa n’ibihugu 13 bigize LONI nk’igihugu ndetse kugeza mu 2008 ubwo yabihagarikaga burundu, yagerageje gusaba kuba umunyamuryango wa LONI ariko biranga uwo muryango wanzura ko ari intara y’u Bushinwa binyuze mu mwanzuro 2758 watowe n’inteko rusange yayo mu 1971.
U Bushinwa kandi bwabwiye ibihugu bigize LONI ko niba bishaka kwemera Taiwan nk’igihugu bihitamo kimwe hagati yayo n’u Bushinwa, byiyongera ku kuba bufite uburenganzira ntayegayezwa bituma Taiwan ibireka ariko ni igihugu gifite byose nk’ibindi.
- Sahara y’Iburengerazuba (Saharawi)
Iki ni igice giherereye mu butayu bwa Sahara ariko kuri ubu bigoye kuvuga ko ari igihugu bitewe n’uko kitujuje za ngingo enye.
Ni igice kiri mu majyepfo ya Maroc ndetse 80% by’ubutaka bwayo bwigaruriwe n’icyo gihugu kihafite n’inzego z’ubuyobozi; mu gihe 20% busigaye bugenzurwa n’umutwe witwa Polisario Front uvuga ko icyo ari igihugu cyigenga cyitwa Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, ndetse gifite inzego z’ubuyobozi n’umuyobozi mukuru wacyo.
Saharawi magingo aya yo ntiyigeze inasaba kuba umunyamuryango wa LONI bitewe n’uko hagombaga gutorwa kamarampaka abaturage bakemeza niba bashaka ko iba igihugu ukwacyo cyangwa bagahitamo kuguma kuri Maroc; ariko yagiye isubikwa kenshi kugeza ubu bitewe no kuba bataremeranya niba Abanya-Maroc benshi baje kuhatura na bo bazemererwa gutora kuko bikekwa ko batora bashyigikira Maroc.
N’ubwo bimeze gutyo Saharawi yemewe byuzuye na Afurika Yunze Ubumwe bitewe n’uko iri mu banyamuryango shingiro bashinze umuryango wa OAU mu 1984 ari wo waje kuba Afurika yunze Ubumwe.
Icyo gihe Saharawi yari ifite ubutaka bunini ariko Maroc igenda ibwigararurira bituma uwo muryango ubyamagana kuko waharaniraga ko ubusugire bw’abanyamuryango bawo bwubahirizwa.
Ibyo byaje no gutuma Maroc iva muri uwo muryango iwugarukamo mu 2017 warabaye Afurika Yunze Ubumwe ariko ubunyamuryango bwa Saharawi bwo bwagumyeho na n’ubu.
Ibyo biri mu byatumye LONI na yo itemera ko Saharawi ari agace ka Maroc gusa ishyigikira ko Saharawi ari igice kiri mu nzira yo gukora kamarampaka, ahubwo yoherezayo ingabo zo gufasha ko ibyo bigerwaho kuva mu 1991 kugeza ubu.
Ibyo bihugu ariko n’ubwo bimeze bityo, Vatican na Palestine bifatwa nk’indorerezi za LONI mu gihe n’ibyo bihugu bindi hari imikoranire bigirana n’uwo muryango harimo kugira abashobora kubihagararira mu bikorwa bimwe na bimwe byawo n’ubwo biba bitemerewe gutora ndetse n’amashami ya LONI amwe n’amwe ibyo bihugu biyarimo ku buryo bibasha kubona serivisi itanga.
Gusa urutonde rw’ibirwa n’ibindi bice bisanzwe ari Leta cyangwa intara z’ibihugu bigenda byiyomoraho bigatangaza ubwigenge ni rurerure, cyane nka Somaliland imaze igihe yifata nk’igihugu cyigenga ariko mu mategeko mpuzamahanga ifatwa nka Leta ya Somalia.
Global Population Review igaragaza ko hari impamvu ibyo bice bidahita byinjira kuri rwa rutonde rw’ibihugu 198 bigize Isi ngo bisigare birwana no kuba n’abanyamuryango ba LONI; bivuze ko bya bintu bine bisabwa bishobora kuba byujujwe, ariko ibindi bihugu bikanga kwemera ko ari igihugu bitewe n’impamvu zitandukanye zishobora no kuba inyungu zabyo.
