Diyabete ni indwara idakira umuntu wese ashobora kurwara, ndetse nk’uko bivugwa n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku buzima (OMS), abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 422 ku Isi, kuri ubu bafite iyi ndwara, aho bikubye inshuro enye mu myaka irenga 40 ishize.
Diyabete ibaho iyo umubiri udashobora gukoresha neza isukari yose (glucose) ikorwa n’umubiri mu maraso bityo ikaba nyinshi, kuko ubusanzwe isukari ubwayo si mbi, kuko ari yo ikoreshwa mu gutanga ingufu ku turemangingo twose tw’umubiri.
Kugira ngo zimwe mu ngingo zikoreshe iyi sukari, zikenera gukora kwa insuline, ari yo misemburo ikorwa n’urwagashya (pancreas) ituma iyi sukari yinjira mu turemangingo byoroshye, bityo igahinduka ingufu.
Ingorane ziva kuri diyabete zishobora gutera indwara z’umutima, gucika imitsi, ubuhumyi, impyiko no gucibwamo ibice; gusa n;ubwo igira ingaruka mbi, abantu benshi barwaye diyabete ntibaba bazi ko bayirwaye; ariko kandi guhindura imibereho bishobora kubuza umuntu kurwara diyabete.
Diyabete n’ibimenyetso byayo
Ubusanzwe, umuganga aburira umurwayi ufite diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 hashingiwe ku bisubizo bya laboratwari nyuma yo gupima isukari yo mu maraso; kuko nk’abarwayi benshi ba diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 akenshi nta bimenyetso bagira.
Ibimenyetso bikunze kugaragara ku barwayi ba diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1, iyo urugero rwayo rumaze igihe kirekire.
Inzobere mu ndwara ya diyabete muri Mayo Clinic muri Amerika, Victor Montori, agira ati: “Gucika intege, inyota, inzara, kwihagarika cyane, kutabona neza no kugabanya ibiro bishobora kuba ibimenyetso.”
Akomeza agira ati “Ku bana, bakunze kugira diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1. Ibimenyetso muri rusange birakomeye kandi bibaho mu gihe gito birimo kugira inyota nyinshi, gutakaza ibiro, kwihagarika kenshi, umunaniro no gusinzira kenshi.”
Perezida w’ishyirahamwe ry’abarwayi ba diyabete bo muri Amerika y’Epfo José Agustín Mesa Pérez, agira ati: “Mu myaka mike ishize, twabonye ukwiyongera gukabije kw’abarwara diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 mu bana n’ingimbi, bifitanye isano n’akamenyero ko kwicara ku ntebe igihe kirekire.”
Ni ryari isukari yo mu maraso iba iteje akaga?
Mu gihe umuntu yiyiriza ubusa, igipimo cy’isukari mu maraso gisanzwe ni miligarama 70 kugeza 110 kuri desilita imwe (mg/dl), gusa nyuma yo kurya, iki gipimo kiriyongera, ariko insuline ituma isukari igaruka ku gipimo gisanzwe vuba, mu gihe cy’amasaha 2.
Ingano y’isukari iri hejuru ya 180 mg/dl imaze amasaha arenga 2 ni uburozi ku turemangingo, kandi iyo iki gipimo gisubiwemo kenshi, gishobora kwangiza, cyane cyane impyiko, amaso, umutima n’imitsi y’amaraso y’amaguru.
Abaganga bavuga ko “Iyo isukari iri hejuru igihe kirekire bigira ingaruka ku mubiri, bityo abantu barwaye diyabete bagomba kugira isukari iri hagati ya 70 na 180 mg / dl ku munsi.”
Ibi ni ibyavuzwe na Dr. Fabiana Vazquez, umwe mu bagize ishyirahamwe ryita ku barwayi ba diyabete bo muri Argentine, wagize ati “Umurwayi wa diyabete wo mu bwoko bwa 2 ashobora gutangira kubura amazi mu mubiri iyo igipimo cy’isukari mu maraso cye kirenze 200 mg/dl, ariko abantu badafite ibindi bibazo bashobora kugumana igipimo cy’isukari kiri hejuru mu maraso nta ngaruka ziyongereyeho.”
Yakomeje agira ati “Iyo igipimo kiri hejuru cyane, urugero kirenga 300 mg/dL, ibyago biba byinshi kandi bisaba kwitabwaho by’umwihariko.”
Inzobere mu ndwara za diyabete mu ivuriro rya Mayo muri Amerika, Victor Montori, agira ati “Tugomba kandi kuvuga ku rugero ruri hasi. Abantu barwaye diyabete, ndetse n’abafite ibibazo, bagomba kwirinda kugira urugero rwa glucose mu maraso ruri munsi ya 70 mg/dl, haba mu kwiyiriza ubusa ndetse na nyuma yo kurya.”
Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1 n’iyo mu bwoko bwa 2 zitaniye he?
Mu gushyira mu byiciro diyabete hari ubwoko 4, ariko mu by’ukuri ivugwa ko ari ubwoko bwa 1 cyangwa 2.
Ubwoko bwa 1 bukunze kugaragara mu rubyiruko ruri munsi y’imyaka 30, rudafite amateka y’uburwayi bwa diyabete, kuko ubusanzwe ibaho iyo habayeho ibimenyetso bikomeye.
Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 ikunze kugaragara ku bantu bakuru barengeje imyaka 40, ikaba ifitanye isano no kugira ibiro byinshi n’umubyimba wo mu nda wa santimetero 80 ku bagore na santimetero 90 ku bagabo; kandi Diyabete rimwe na rimwe iba ifitanye isano n’umuvuduko ukabije w’amaraso n’umwijima urimo ibinure.
Ese diyabete ishobora kuvurwa? Dushobora kuyirinda?
Diyabete ntishobora gukira, ariko iyo igenzuwe neza, umuntu ashobora kubaho ubuzima busanzwe. Nta buryo bwo kumenya uzarwara diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa mbere, ndetse nta n’uburyo bwo kuyirinda.
Ku rundi ruhande, diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 ifite impamvu ziyitera kandi ishobora kwirindwa.
Dr. Fabiana Vazquez ati “Kugira ibiro bisanzwe, indyo yuzuye kandi yuzuye. Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri ihoraho bishobora gukumira cyangwa gutinza itangira rya diyabete ku bantu bafite ibyago byinshi.”
Inzobere mu ndwara ya diyabete zivuga ko gutera urwagashya ari ubundi buryo bwihuse bukunze gukemura ikibazo cyo kubura insuline muri diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1.
José Agustín Mesa Pérez ati: “Nta muti uhari kandi tugomba kwitonda cyane ku bashukanyi babisezeranya. Ariko iyi ni indwara idakira ishobora kugenzurwa neza burundu, kandi hakenewe akazi kenshi kugira ngo tugabanye ibintu bishobora gutera ibyago, byoroshye kuyigenzura no kwirinda izindi ngorane.”
Ni ibihe biribwa bitera diyabete?
Nta biribwa bishobora gutera diyabete ubwabyo, gusa urujijo ruturuka ku kuba abantu ba kera baragombaga kubika ingufu kugira ngo babeho kandi babigezeho binyuze mu buryo bwo kuzigama insulin; ariko ubu izo ngufu ntizikoreshwa ahubwo zitera ingaruka ku buzima nyuma yo kuzikusanya ariko umubiri ntubashe kuzikoresha.
Kurya imboga n’imbuto bitandukanye kandi bibisi bishobora gufasha kuringaniza imirire yawe no kongera ubwirinzi bw’umubiri wawe, ibyo bikaba byafasha mu kwirinda diyabete, nk’uko inzobere zibivuga.
Ikindi ibinure byinshi cyane cyane ibiva ku byo turya bikomoka ku nyamaswa, hamwe na ‘carbohydrates’ n’ibiribwa byatunganyijwe, bifitanye isano n’ibyago byinshi byo kurwara diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2, nk’uko inzobere zibivuga.
