Abashakashatsi batangaje ko bashobora kuba bamaze gutahura indi soko y’inkomoko y’icyuma cy’agaciro cyane—zahabu—mu isanzure, hifashishijwe amakuru yari amaze imyaka 20 abitswe mu bigega by’amasuzuma ya NASA n’Ikigo cy’Isanzure cy’u Burayi (ESA).
Icyatunguye abashakashatsi ni uko iyo soko nshya yaba ari “magnetars”—intanga-munzi zifite imbaraga nyinshi za magnetike—zishobora kuba zaragiye zisuka mu isanzure ibice by’inkuta zazo, bikabyara ibinyabutabire bikomeye cyane birimo na zahabu.
Zahabu ikomoka he?
Mu isanzure, icyuma gike gike cyagiye kivuka nyuma y’ihumeka y’isi (Big Bang) harimo nk’amahurunguro ya hidrojeni, heliumu na litiyumu. Icyakora ibinyabutabire bikomeye cyane nka zahabu, platine n’umuringa byatumye abahanga mu by’isanzure bibaza igihe n’aho byaba byaraturutse.
Kuva mu 2017, habonetse gihamya y’uko zahabu ishobora kubyara mu gihe intanga-munzi ebyiri (neutron stars) ziguye zigahuza, bigateza ibiturika bikomeye bizwi nka kilonova. Ariko noneho hari icyemezo gishya kivuga ko na magnetars—izo ntanga-munzi zifite imbaraga zikomeye za magnetike—nazo zishobora gutera ibyo biturika binyanyagiza zahabu mu isanzure.
Amakuru akomoka kuri “flare” yo mu 2004
Abahanga bifashishije amakuru ya gamma-ray yafashwe mu mwaka wa 2004 n’icyogajuru cyitwaga INTEGRAL, bemeza ko ibyasohotse muri magnetar icyo gihe bishobora kuba byarabyaye ibinyabutabire bikomeye.
Anirudh Patel, umunyeshuri wa PhD muri fiziki muri Kaminuza ya Columbia akaba ari we muyobozi w’ubushakashatsi, yavuze ko ubwo batangiraga gukora imodoka zerekana uburyo zahabu yaba yaramutse ivutse muri ubwo buryo, batari bazi ko igisubizo cyari kimaze imyaka mu bubiko. Ngo guhura kw’ibyo bibare na data bisanzwe ni ikimenyetso cy’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ubumenyi mu buryo budasanzwe.
Ese koko ni zahabu cyangwa ibindi binyabutabire?
Dr. Eleonora Troja, umuhanga utari mu itsinda ryakoze ubu bushakashatsi, yavuze ko ibimenyetso bishya bidakomeye nk’ibyo babonye mu mpanuka y’intanga-munzi zombi zabonye mu 2017. Ngo magnetars ni ibiremwa ‘bibangamye’ bityo gushingiraho ngo zahabu ihaturuka biracyafite byinshi bikwiye kwigwaho.
Ikizaza cy’ubu bushakashatsi
Abahanga bavuga ko flare zituruka kuri magnetars zishobora kuba zifite uruhare rwa 10% mu byaremye ibinyabutabire bikomeye kurenza fer (iron) mu isanzure. Icyogajuru kizatangizwa muri 2027, COSI (Compton Spectrometer and Imager), gishobora kuzafasha gukomeza ubushakashatsi bugamije kumenya niba koko magnetars zaba ari inzu y’ibikoresho bikomeye by’isi n’ikirere harimo na zahabu.
