Minisiteri y’Uburezi mu Rwanda iri kuvugurura politiki y’uburezi yashyizweho mu 2003, igamije kuyihuza n’icyerekezo 2050 ndetse na gahunda ya NST2 (National Strategy for Transformation Phase II). Ibi bikaba bigamije kongera ireme ry’uburezi, kurushaho kwinjiza imyuga n’ubumenyingiro (TVET) mu mashuri, no gutegura urubyiruko rushoboye guhangana n’isoko ry’umurimo rihindagurika buri munsi.
Impamvu zituma politiki isubirwamo
Mu myaka irenga 20 ishize, politiki y’uburezi yasimbutse inzego nyinshi z’ubukungu ariko isiga icyuho gikomeye hagati y’ibyo abanyeshuri biga n’ibyo isoko ry’umurimo rikeneye. Nk’uko raporo y’Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ibarurishamibare (NISR, 2023) ibigaragaza, 64% by’abarangije amashuri yisumbuye ntibabasha kubona imirimo mu gihe cy’amezi atandatu kubera ko ubumenyi baba bafite butajyanye n’ibikenewe ku isoko.
Ibitekerezo by’ababyeyi n’abanyeshuri
Mukasine Clarisse, umubyeyi utuye i Muhanga, yagize ati:
“Imyuga n’ubumenyingiro ni ingenzi ariko haracyari imyumvire y’uko ari iby’abatsinzwe. Leta ikwiye gukora ubukangurambaga buhagije kugira ngo abanyeshuri babyakire nk’uburezi buhebuje.”
Niyonsaba Elie, wiga muri TVET i Nyanza, ati:
“Njye mbona kwiga ubumenyingiro byamfashije gutangira koroshya ubuzima nkiri ku ntebe y’ishuri. Nsigaye ncuruza ibyo nkoreye mu ishuri, nka ‘metal chairs’. Gusa ikibazo ni ibikoresho bidahagije.”
Imibare mpuzamahanga igaragaza akamaro ka TVET
- Muri Korea y’Epfo, aho uburezi bushingiye ku bumenyingiro bufite umwanya ukomeye, 70% by’urubyiruko ruba rwaranyuze mu mashuri ya TVET. Ibi byatumye Korea iba kimwe mu bihugu bifite urubyiruko rwinshi rwihangira imirimo.
- Mu Budage, gahunda ya “Dual Training” ihuza amashuri na sosiyete zitanga imyitozo ngiro, bituma munsi ya 5% y’urubyiruko ruba rutari mumurimo ni imwe mu ngero nziza zo guhuza uburezi n’isoko.
Imbogamizi zituma intego ishobora kudindira
- Ibikoresho bidahagije: Muri byinshi mu bigo bya TVET, abanyeshuri biga mu buryo bwa “theory” gusa kubera kubura ibikoresho. Nk’ibikoresho byo kubaza, gutunganya amashanyarazi, n’ibindi.
- Abarimu badahagije: MINEDUC yemera ko abarimu bafite ubumenyi buhanitse mu by’imyuga bakiri bake, kandi bamwe bafite ubumenyi buke ku gukoresha ibikoresho bigezweho.
- Kwitabwaho guke kw’imyuga: Urugero, mu mwaka wa 2022, 76% by’ingengo y’imari igenerwa uburezi yagiye mu mashuri asanzwe, TVET isigara kuri 24% gusa, nk’uko byatangajwe na Minisiteri y’Imari.
- Kutagira ubumenyi bw’igihe kizaza: Abasesenguzi bavuga ko hari igikenewe ku mishinga y’uburezi igaragaza imihindagurikire y’isoko ry’umurimo mu myaka iri imbere, nka robotique, AI, n’ikoranabuhanga rifasha mu buhinzi.
Inama z’impuguke
Dr. Olivier Rwamukwaya, wahoze ari Umunyamabanga wa Leta muri MINEDUC, avuga ko:
“Politiki y’uburezi ikwiye gushingira ku mbaraga z’urubyiruko n’iterambere rishingiye ku bumenyi. Nta gihugu gishobora kugera ku bukungu bushingiye ku bumenyi kidashyize imbere imyuga n’ubumenyingiro.”
Clare Akamanzi, wahoze ari Umuyobozi wa RDB, na we yigeze gutangaza ko:
“Iyo amashuri yacu adaha urubyiruko ubumenyi ngiro, igihugu kiba cyatakaje abakozi b’ejo hazaza.”
Ni bande bazagira uruhare mu guhindura uburezi?
Iri vugurura si irya Leta yonyine. Rikeneye ubufatanye bw’ababyeyi, abarimu, ibigo by’abikorera, n’abanyeshuri ubwabo. Kugira ngo 60% by’abarangiza bajye mu myuga bigerweho, hakenewe guhindura imyumvire, kongera ibikoresho, kwigisha abarimu b’inzobere, no kubaka icyizere ku banyeshuri.
Uburezi bushingiye ku bumenyingiro ni igisubizo ku kibazo cy’ubushomeri, gishobora guhindura urubyiruko rukaba abashoramari b’ejo hazaza. Niba ibi bikorwa bizashyirwa mu bikorwa uko byateganyijwe, u Rwanda rushobora kuba isoko y’abakozi bafite ubumenyi bugezweho muri Afurika.
