Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Kubungabunga Ibidukikije (REMA), cyagaragaje ko Intara y’Iburasirazuba iri ku isonga mu kwibasirwa cyane n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe mu mwaka wa 2025, mu gihe Umujyi wa Kigali wagaragaye nk’uwibasirwa gake; hakaba hari n’ingamba zafashwe mu guhangana n’iki kibazo.
Ibi ni bimwe mu bikubiye muri raporo y’Icyegereranyo cy’ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira imihindagurikire y’ibihe (National Climate Change Vulnerability Index Assessment) yashyizwe ahagaragara na REMA ku wa Gatatu tariki 03 Kamena 2026.
Iyi raporo yakozwe hashingiwe ku bushakashatsi bwakorewe mu ngo 2.568, igaragaza uko uturere twose 30 tw’u Rwanda dukurikirana mu rwego rwo kwibasirwa n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe ku rwego rw’ingo.
Amanota yatanzwe ari hagati ya 0 na 1, aho amanota menshi asobanura ko abaturage bahura cyane n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ibihe kandi bafite ubushobozi buke bwo kuzikumira cyangwa guhangana na zo.
Nyagatare niyo yaje imbere aho yabonye amanota 0.599, ikurikirwa na Gisagara (0.588), Gatsibo (0.575), Nyamagabe (0.574) na Ngoma (0.567).
Umuyobozi wa gahunda y’imihindagurikire y’ibihe muri REMA, Herman Hakuzimana, avuga ko kwibasirwa n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe bivuga urugero abaturage cyangwa gahunda runaka bashobora kugerwaho n’ingaruka mbi z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere cyangwa kutabasha kuzihanganira.
Raporo igaragaza ko uturere twinshi two mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba, harimo Nyagatare, Gatsibo na Ngoma, turi mu cyiciro cy’uturere twibasirwa cyane n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe, kubera amapfa akunze kuhagaragara ndetse no kuba ubuhinzi bwaho bushingiye cyane ku mvura.
Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ibintu byinshi bituma abaturage barushaho kwibasirwa n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe, birimo nko kwishingikiriza cyane ku nkwi nk’isoko ry’ingufu, kubura uburyo bwo kuhira imyaka nk’imbogamizi ikomeye mu buhinzi, cyane cyane mu turere 9 mu 10 twagaragajwe nk’utwibasirwa cyane.
Ibibazo by’ibikorwaremezo by’imihanda na byo byagaragaye cyane, aho uturere 9 mu 10 twagize amanota make ku bijyanye n’imihanda, ibiraro ndetse no kugera ku masoko, amashuri n’amavuriro.
Kubona amazi meza yo kunywa nabyo byagaragaye nk’ikibazo gihuriweho n’uturere 10 twose twibasirwa cyane, kimwe no kutagira ubushobozi buhagije bwo kubika amazi no guhura n’ibiza birimo imyuzure cyangwa ibura ry’amazi byatumye abaturage barushaho kwibasirwa.
Ni mu gihe kandi abahinzi bafite ubumenyi buke ku buryo bwo guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe mu buhinzi, na byo byagaragajwe nk’imbogamizi ihoraho.
Ku rundi ruhande, uturere dutatu tugize Umujyi wa Kigali twagaragaye nk’utwibasirwa gake n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe kuko Nyarugenge yabonye amanota ya 0.487, Gasabo ibona 0.488 naho Kicukiro ibona 0.496, bikaba byerekana ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ibibazo buri hejuru ndetse no kugira serivisi n’ibikorwaremezo byiza, ndetse n’uturere twa Musanze na Huye natwo turi mu twagaragaye nk’utwibasirwa gake.
Raporo igaragaza ko kwibasirwa n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe bidaterwa gusa no guhura n’ibiza, ahubwo bishingira no ku bushobozi abaturage bafite bwo kubyitwaramo; aho Uturere dufite ibikorwaremezo bikomeye, ibikorwa by’ubukungu bitandukanye, urwego rwo hejuru rw’imiturire yo mu Mijyi ndetse na serivisi nziza usanga dufite amanota make y’ubwibasirwe.
Hagati aho, Uturere two mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo n’Iburengerazuba, birimo Gisagara, Nyamagabe, Karongi na Nyamasheke, na byo byagaragaje urwego rwo hejuru rw’ubwibasirwe, ahanini bitewe n’imiterere y’ubutaka, isuri ndetse no kwishingikiriza cyane ku buhinzi.
Ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere mu Rwanda ziriyongera
Raporo igaragaza ko muri rusange ubwibasirwe bw’u Rwanda n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe bwiyongereye cyane mu myaka irindwi ishize, aho igipimo ku rwego rw’igihugu cyazamutse kiva kuri 0.395 mu mwaka wa 2018 kigera kuri 0.524 mu mwaka wa 2025.
Ubwiyongere bukomeye bwagaragaye cyane mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba n’Amajyepfo, aho amanota yazamutse ava kuri 0.379 agera kuri 0.535.
Mu Mujyi wa Kigali, amanota yazamutse ava kuri 0.354 agera kuri 0.476, Intara y’Iburengerazuba yazamutse iva kuri 0.416 igera kuri 0.520, mu gihe Intara y’Amajyaruguru ari yo yagize ubwiyongere buke, iva kuri 0.430 igera kuri 0.504.
Umuyobozi Mukuru Wungirije wa REMA, Faustin Munyazikwiye, yavuze ko u Rwanda rusanzwe ruhura n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ibihe zirimo imyuzure, amapfa, inkangu n’ibindi biza bikabije, bikagira ingaruka ku mibereho y’abaturage, urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, ibikorwaremezo ndetse n’iterambere ry’ubukungu; kandi ko isuzuma nk’iri ari ingenzi.
Ati: “Gukora isuzuma nk’iri ni ingenzi mu kubaka ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ibiza. Ntibishoboka kubaka ubwo bushobozi udasobanukiwe neza aho intege nke ziri.”
Yakomeje avuga ko iki gipimo gitanga amakuru afatika ku rwego rw’ubwibasirwe buriho mu gihugu hose, kandi kikaba gishobora gufasha mu igenamigambi, iteganyabikorwa ry’ingengo y’imari ndetse no gufata ibyemezo by’ishoramari ku rwego rw’igihugu n’urw’uturere, mu kunoza ihangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.
Munyazikwiye yavuze kandi ko ubu bushakashatsi bwihariye kuko bwashingiye ku byifuzo, ubunararibonye n’ibitekerezo by’abaturage bo hirya no hino mu Rwanda.
Hari ibikenewe gukorwa mu kurwanya ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere
Impuguke mu bijyanye n’ikirere n’ibidukikije, Pearl Nkusi, yavuze ko gushora imari mu bikorwa byo guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe nko kuhira imyaka ndetse no kubaka ibikorwa byo kurwanya isuri ari ingenzi mu kongera ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ibiza.
Yavuze ko hagati ya 2014 na 2023, ibiza bifitanye isano n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere byahitanye abantu 1,595, bikomeretsa 2,368, byangiza inzu 62,123 ndetse byangiza hegitari 38,002 z’ubutaka bwari buhinzeho imyaka, bitewe n’imyuzure, amapfa n’inkangu.
Hagati aho, Henriette Peace Uwamahoro, ushinzwe ibidukikije ku rwego rw’akarere muri REMA, yavuze ko hakenewe miliyoni 335.6 z’amadolari ya Amerika kugira ngo hashyigikirwe ibikorwa byo gusubiranya urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, kubungabunga ibinyabuzima, kugabanya umwanda no kunoza imikoranire hagati y’abantu n’ibidukikije, nk’uko biteganywa muri Gahunda y’Igihugu yo Kubungabunga Ibinyabuzima (National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan), nayo yatangajwe ku wa 3 Kamena 2026.
Biteganyijwe ko ubu bushakashatsi buzafasha abafata ibyemezo gushyira imbaraga n’ishoramari mu bikorwa byo guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe no kongera ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ibiza mu turere dufite ibyago byinshi kurusha utundi.
