Mu gihe Isi ikiri mu bihe by’umwaka mushya na cyane ko bisanzwe ko yose itawinjiriramo icya rimwe, hari ibitangaje aho hari ibirwa bibiri byegeranye cyane kimwe cyinjira mu mwaka mushya ikindi kikazawinjiramo ku wundi munsi haciyemo amasaha agera kuri 20.

Ibyo birwa ni ikirwa kizwi nka Big Diomede kiri mu Burusiya na Little Diomede cyo muri Amerika, aho bifite umupaka mpuzamahanga ureshya na 3.8km gusa ubicamo hagati; gusa n’ubwo intera nyakuri iri hagati y’ibi birwa ari ntoya cyane igihe kibitandukanya ni kinini, kuko mu gihe nk’urugero ku kirwa Big Diomede ari kuwa gatatu saa kumi n’ebyiri z’umugoroba, kuri Little Diomede bo biba ari kuwa kabiri saa tatu z’ijoro.

Iri tandukaniro ryatumye ibi birwa bihimbwa; ‘Ikirwa cy’ejo hashize’ hamwe n’‘Ikirwa cy’ejo hazaza’, dore ko n’umuhanga mu kwitegereza Isi, Jim Andersen, yavuze ko “Iyo uri kuri Little Diomede ureba kuri Big Diomede uba arimo kureba ahazaza”.

Uko ibi birwa byombi biteye

Izina ry’ibi birwa rikomoka ku mushakashatsi w’Umugiriki witwaga Diomedes, nk’uko bivugwa n’urubuga Arctic Portal rwandika amakuru y’impera y’Isi ya ruguru.

Ni ibirwa biherereye mu muhora witwa Bering uri hagati y’inyanja ya Arctic ku mpera y’isi ya ruguru n’inyanja ya Pasifika, aho kera byahoze bituwe n’abantu bamwe bavuga ururimi rumwe bo mu bwoko bw’aba-Eskimo.

Ibihe by’ubushyuhe kuri ibi birwa (impeshyi) biba biri hagati ya degere celicius 7 na 10, naho ubukonje ari nabwo buharangwa cyane buba hagati ya -14 na -12°C; ni mu gihe ikirwa cya Little Diomede cyangwa se ‘Ikirwa cy’ejo hashize’ cyo ku ruhande rwa Amerika kibarwa muri leta ya Alaska, abahatuye iyo bari mu nzu zabo baba bareba hakurya kuri Big Diomede ‘Ikirwa cy’ejo hazaza’ mu Burusiya ubu cyo kidatuwe, kuko hasigaye ibirindiro bicye bya gisirikare by’Uburusiya nyuma y’uko ubutegetsi bw’iki gihugu bwimuye aba-Eskimo bari bahatuye bakajya imbere mu Burusiya mu gace ka Siberia.

Uko ibi birwa byombi byatandukanyijwe

Mu nkuru mbarankuru ya BBC yatangajwe mu 2015 abaturage bo kuri Little Diomede muri Amerika bavuze agahinda batewe no gutandukanywa na benewabo bari ku ruhande rw’Uburusiya.

Frances Ozenna wari ukuriye ubwoko bw’aba Eskimo kuri Little Diomede muri Amerika, avuga ko iyo yabaga ari mu nzu ye n’abana be babaga bareba hakurya kuri Big Diomede ahahoze hatuye benewabo cyera.

Ati:

“Turabizi ko hariya hakurya hari benewacu. Abo mu biragano bya cyera barimo gushira, kandi igihari ni uko ntacyo impande zombi zikiziranyeho. Turimo gutakaza ururimi rwacu. Ubu tuvuga Icyongereza naho bo bakavuga Ikirusiya. Si ikosa ryacu kandi nabo si ikosa ryabo. Gusa biratubabaza cyane.”

Uko ubushyamirane buzamutse hagati y’Uburusiya na Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika, amahirwe yo kongera guhuza aba baturage bo ku muhora wa Bering aragabanuka, nyamara bo batitaye ku mupaka w’ibihugu n’intera nini cyane umupaka mpuzamahanga w’igihe washyize hagati yabo, bo bibona nk’ubwoko bumwe, kandi iyi mipaka ntibashimishije.

Umupaka waciwe bwa mbere mu 1867 ubwo Amerika yaguriraga Uburusiya ubutaka bwa Alaska igaha amafaranga Moscow yategekwaga na Tsar yari icyennye, aho mu butaka Amerika yaguze ikirwa cya Little Diomede gifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 7.3 cyari kirimo ariko Big Diomede ntabwo yari irimo bityo yo iguma kuba ikirwa cy’Uburusiya, maze umupaka w’ibi bihugu ujya hagati y’ibi birwa utyo.

Icyo gihe ntawabyitayeho cyane kuko imiryango yakomeje kuba ku mpande zombi z’ibirwa kandi ikambukiranya nta kibazo kugeza mu ntambara y’ubutita mu 1948 ubwo bitunguranye umupaka wafungwaga, maze ingabo z’Abasoviyeti zinjira ku kirwa cya Big Diomede bituma abasivile bahatirwa kujya hirya imusozi muri Siberia imbere mu Burusiya.

Kugeza ubu, mu mvugo, abaturage baho ntibasabwa visa yo kwambuka bajya hakurya, ariko bagomba gusaba uruhushya kuko mu gace kitwa Chukotka ko mu Burusiya aho benewabo batuye ari ahantu hakomye kubera impamvu z’umutekano.

Abahatuye babayeho bate?

Arctic Portal ivuga ko aba-Eskimo bo mu bwoko bwa Iñupiat bo muri Alaska bahangaye ikirere gikonje bikabije ku kirwa gito cyane cya Little Diomede kuva mu myaka irenga 3,000 ishize, aho kugeza muri Mutarama 2023 Little Diomede yari ituwe n’abaturage 77, bavuye ku 178 ari nabo benshi cyane bahatuye mu 1990; aho batuye ku mwaro (beach) muto w’iburengerazuba bw’iki kirwa bituma babasha kureba hakurya mu Burusiya bari mu nzu zabo.

Iki kirwa cya Little Diomede kiriho inzu zigera kuri 30, ishuri rimwe, urusengero rumwe, ikibuga cya kajugujugu, ariko nta mihanda ihari, nta restaurant, nta hoteli gusa hari iduka rimwe rigurisha ibiryo, imyenda, n’ibikomoka kuri peteroli bihagera binyuze mu nyanja bivuye mu mujyi wa Nome muri Alaska, mu gihe kugira ngo babone ibyo kurya abahatuye bahiga amafi n’izindi nyamaswa zo mu Nyanja kimwe n’ibirura byo muri ibyo bice bikonja kuko bikunda kubatera; naho kuri Big Diomede nta baturage bahaba kuva igisirikare cyahashyira ibirindiro mu 1948 ndetse ubu hakaba hari n’ikusanyirizo ry’amakuru y’ikirere ry’Uburusiya, dore ko ba kavukire baho bherejwe imusozi mu Burusiya.

Ni mu gihe kandi iyi mpera y’Isi ya ruguru irimo kugenda iba ahantu h’ingenzi kubera umutungo kamere urimo kuhagaragara uko inyanja y’urubura igenda ishongera mu nyanja zo mu majyepfo; dore ko inyigo z’ikigo cya Amerika cy’imiterere y’Isi zivuga ko impera y’Isi ya Arctic ibitse 13% by’ibikomoka kuri peteroli byo ku Isi bitarakorwaho, ndetse na 30% bya gaze (gas) y’umwimerere.